| a | man | man | as in “hard”, but shorter. |
| e | lek | leak | as in “set”, but shorter. |
| i | lip | lip | as in “bit”, but shorter. |
| o | bot | bone | as in “hot”, but shorter. |
| u | kus | kiss | as in “dirt”, but shorter. |
| aa | maan | as a but longer and lighter |
| ee | leek | as in may |
| eu | neus | try making a vowel sound in dirt while rounding/pounting lips tightly |
| ie | niet | as in cheat |
| oe | boek | as in who |
| oo | boot | as in no, when it’s not followed by r, with r is more like more |
| uu | vuur | try making the short u, but bringing the tongue and leps even more to front |
| au/ou | blauw | like a shout but start by rounding your lips more with your mouth wide open. |
| aai | saai | *aa** + ie |
| eeuw | eeuw | ee + oe |
| ei/ij | trein | in between english vowel sounds in “night” and “late” |
| ieuw | nieuw | ie + oe |
| oei | doei | oe + ie |
| ooi | mooi | oo + ie |
| ui | huis | try making “house” while tightly pursing your lips and pressing your tongue down |
| uw | ruw | uu + oe |
| e | de / een | schwa |
| e | aardig | schwa |